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The original Argentine National Anthem ((スペイン語:Himno Nacional Argentino)) was named ' (Patriotic March), later renamed ' (National Patriotic Song), and then ' (Patriotic Song). It has been called ''Himno Nacional Argentino'' since it was published with that name in 1847. Its lyrics were written by the Buenos Aires-born politician Vicente López y Planes and the music was composed by the Spanish musician Blas Parera. The work was adopted as the sole official song on May 11, 1813, three years after the May Revolution; May 11 is therefore Anthem Day in Argentina. Some first, quite different, anthems were composed from 1810; a version was then introduced in 1813 which was used throughout the nineteenth century. The present, much shorter, anthem comprises only the first and last verses and the chorus of the 1813 Patriotic March, omitting much emotional text about the struggle for independence from Spain (''with strong arms they tear to pieces the arrogant Iberian lion''). ==History== The first anthem was the Patriotic March, published on November 15, 1810 in the '. It had lyrics by Esteban de Luca and music by Blas Parera. This original anthem made no reference to the name of Argentina (the country was not formally named "República Argentina" until 1826, although it was referred to as such) or an independentist will, and talked instead about Spain being conquered by France in the Peninsular War, the absolutist restoration begun by the Council of Regency, and the need to keep the republican freedoms achieved so far in the Americas: "Spain was victim / of the plotting Gaul / because to the tyrants / she bent her neck / If there treachery / has doomed a thousands cities / let sacred freedom and union reign here / Let the father to the sons / be able to say / enjoy rights / that I did not enjoy". In mid-1812, the ruling triumvirate ordered the Buenos Aires Cabildo to commission a national anthem. Cayetano Rodríguez, a Franciscan friar, wrote a text that was approved on 4 August. The Catalan musician Blas Parera, music director of the local theater, set it to music and performed it for the first time with the orchestra he conducted on 1 November. Less than a year later the Assembly of Year XIII estimated that the song was not effective enough to serve as a national anthem. On 6 March 1813 several poets were asked to submit lyrics. The poem by the lawyer Vicente López y Planes was unanimously considered the best. It was approved as the "sole national march" (') on May 11, 1813. Parera was asked to compose a new musical setting around the same date. He must have finished the piece in a few days. Oral tradition has it that the premiere took place on May 14, 1813 at the home of the aristocrat Mariquita Sánchez de Thompson, but there is no documentary evidence of that.〔Galasso, p. 102.〕 If this episode is true, then Parera, contrary to certain misconceptions, wrote quickly and under no visible coercion. The published song sheet is dated 14 May 1813. He again conducted the official premiere in the theater on May 28, and was paid 200 pesos.〔Vega, ''El Himno Nacional Argentino'', pp. 22–27.〕 The song includes a line that has given rise to controversy: ''Buenos--Ayres se ()pone á la frente De los pueblos de la ínclita union''. In the manuscript and an early printed song-sheet the word ''opone'' is used; a slightly later version of the song-sheet correcting obvious errors such as spelling mistakes was issued with the same date of 14 May 1813, but with ''opone'' changed to ''pone''. The meaning reverses: "Buenos Aires ''opposes'' the front of the people of the union" to "Buenos Aires ''positions itself at'' the front ...". The original ''opone'' has been interpreted as advancing part of the centralist views in Buenos Aires, but has also been considered a "tragical misprint".〔 In many other lines the anthem goes beyond the Argentine theater of the Spanish American wars of independence and references events in Mexico, Central America, Northern South America, and Upper Peru.〔Galasso, pp. 102–103.〕 The growing ideas of independence are reflected in lines such as "On the surface of the earth rises a glorious new nation, her head is crowned with laurels, and a Lion lies defeated at her feet". This portrays not just Spanish absolutism, but Spain itself, as the enemy.〔Galasso, p. 103.〕 The composition was then known as ' (National Patriotic Song), and later simply as ' (Patriotic Song), but in Juan Pedro Esnaola's early arrangement, dated around 1848, it appeared under the title ', and the name has been retained until today.〔Vega, ''El Himno Nacional Argentino'', pp. 88–89.〕 In the complete version of the Anthem of May (as was christened by López) it is noted that the political vision portrayed is not only Argentine, but Latin American. The lyrics are ardently pro-independence and anti-Spanish, as the country was at that time fighting for its independence from Spain. The song became popular immediately. Within ten years documented performances took place throughout Argentina, and also in Chile, Peru, and Colombia until they had their own anthems.〔Vega, ''El Himno Nacional Argentino'', pp. 30–41.〕 Different versions emerged, making mass singing difficult; several reforms were then proposed. In 1860 Esnaola was commissioned to create an official version. He took the task to heart, making many changes to the music, including a slower tempo, a fuller texture, alterations to the melody, and enrichment of the harmony. In 1927 a committee produced a historicist version that undid several of Esnaola's changes, but introduced new problems in the sung line. After a heated public debate fueled by the newspaper ', this version was rejected and, following the recommendations of a second committee, Esnaola's arrangement was officially reinstated. In 1944 it was confirmed as the official anthem. Throughout the 19th century the anthem was sung in its entirety. However, once harsh feelings against Spain had dissipated, and the country had become home to many Spanish immigrants, a modification was introduced by a decree of President Julio Argentino Roca on March 30, 1900: The words strongly attacking Spain were no longer sung.〔Buch, ''O juremos con gloria morir'', pp. 87–92.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Argentine National Anthem」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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